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4.4 - Waves

Wave Motion

Waves transfer energy from one place to another without any net transfer of matter. These can be longitudinal or transverse:

Longitudinal
  • Maxima at compressions and minima at rarefactions.
  • Particles move parallel to the direction of energy travel.

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Transverse
  • Maxima at peaks and minima at troughs.
  • Particles move perpendicular to the direction of energy travel.
  • E.g. electromagnetic waves.

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Waves that move away from a source are called progressive waves. However, this regards only the movement of energy - particles oscillate in place.

Wave Terminology

Displacement The distance traveled by a wave from rest.
Amplitude The maximum displacement of oscillating particles in a wave.
Wavelength
Frequency
Period
Phase difference
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