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Storing "lists" of data A static data structure is fixed in size. A dynamic data structure has a variable size. It does this with the use of a heap, which is a portion of memory from which space is automatically allocated and deallocated as required. Arrays...

The Nuclear Atom The alpha particle scattering experiment involved the firing of alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Due to the old belief in the plum-pudding model for the atom, it was expected that the alpha particles would pass straight through th...

Abstraction Thinking Ahead Thinking Procedurally Thinking Logically & Concurrently Backtracking Backtracking is when different sequences of actions are tried to obtain a solution. If one path doesn't work, you "backtrack" to the last known working point. An ex...

The Internet The internet is a network of networks set up to allow computers to communicate with each other globally. It is accessed via Internet Service Providers (ISPs), which usually provide routers for families and businesses to access the internet. URLs U...

A-Level Physics Practicals This document covers the core practical procedures across the A-Level Physics course, organized by module Module 3: Mechanics 1. Investigating Motion and Collisions Focuses on verifying momentum conservation or investigating the rel...

Threats Viruses A virus is a piece of malicious software that has the ability to self-replicate. It exists in a host file, usually an executable file of some sort. It inserts its malicious code in other executable files to spread. A virus can be: spyware, whic...

The Processor The processor refers to any electronic component capable of performing mathematical and logical operations. While the CPU (central processing unit) is the primary general purpose processor responsible for managing the system, other specialised pr...

Structure of the Universe Galaxies are clusters of millions and billions of stars. They are constantly moving due to the expansion of the universe. The further they are - i.e. closer to the edge of the universe - the faster they move. Stars are spheres of inte...

Temperature Thermal equilibrium describes the equal transfer of thermal energy in and out of a system. The absolute scale of temperature is Kelvin. You convert from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273 to the Celsius number. This is because -273 Celsius (0K) is abs...